What negative impact does soil disturbance have on the environment?

Soil disturbance primarily contributes to erosion, which is a significant environmental concern. When soil is disturbed, such as through construction, farming, or other land-use activities, the protective layer of vegetation can be removed. This exposure can lead to increased vulnerability of the soil to wind and water erosion. Erosion can strip away the topsoil, which is rich in nutrients and organic matter necessary for healthy plant growth. This not only diminishes soil fertility but can also lead to sedimentation in waterways, impacting aquatic ecosystems and water quality.

In contrast, enhancing soil fertility, promoting plant growth, and eliminating weeds are generally positive effects associated with good management practices rather than the consequences of soil disturbance. These practices aim at maintaining soil structure and health, which are negatively impacted when soil is disturbed. Hence, the correct understanding of soil disturbance's impact aligns with the recognition that it primarily leads to erosion and associated environmental degradation.